Resource Library
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| Name | Author | Size | Date | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEMBERS ONLY About Widget - Javascript Web AppBuilder | NISC | 185202 | February 2, 2016 | This enhanced About widget dynamically changes to show pertinent information about newly-loaded web maps in the vUSA viewer. | |
| Agencies Work Together to Modernize National Alert and Warning System | First Responder Technologies (R-Tech) Bulletin | 323367 | December 12, 2014 | publications | "The American people consume information through a constantly growing array of media-television and radio, mobile phones, social media platforms - and officials need to be able to deliver life-saving alerts and warnings quickly across all of them. Given this shift in the way we consume information and communicate, the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) are leading an inter-agency effort to modernize the dissemination of alerts and warnings in order to reach the maximum number of people." |
| Applying Technologies to Enable Effective Decision Making | DHS, NISC | 0 | February 10, 2015 | Lessons learned from CUSEC's CAPSTONE-14 exercise. | |
| MEMBERS ONLY Canada-U.S. Enhanced Resiliency Experiment Series "Cause Resiliency" | Defence Research and Development Canada, Centre for Security Science; U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate | 2316524 | December 12, 2014 | reports | After action report for the Canada-U.S. Resiliency II Experiment (CAUSE II) on enhancing trans-border resilience in emergency and crisis management through situational awareness interoperability. |
| MEMBERS ONLY Capstone 2014 Situational Awareness Symbology Brief | Central United States Earthquake Consortium (CUSEC); U.S. Department of Homeland Security | 3298702 | December 12, 2014 | tools | Provides a high-level overview and comparative analysis of symbology commonly used for incident response and management. |
| MEMBERS ONLY CAUSE V - ExCon Login Instructions | ISR | 870251 | October 25, 2017 | policy | Instructions on logging into the ExCon simulation platform for the CAUSE V Experiment. CAUSEV |
| MEMBERS ONLY CAUSE V COP Quickstart Guide | DHS | 2446605 | October 25, 2017 | publications | Guidance for how to get started with the CAUSE V Common Operating Picture. CAUSEV |
| CAUSE V Design Document-Draft | CAUSE V Team | 546839 | June 19, 2017 | policy | The Canada-United States Enhanced (CAUSE) Resiliency experiment series is a collaborative effort between Defence Research and Development Canada?s Centre for Security Science (DRDC CSS), Public Safety Canada, and the United States (US) Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology (S&T) Directorate First Responders Group. The current iteration of the experiment, CAUSE V, will be conducted along the border between the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC) and the US state of Washington (WA). CAUSEV |
| MEMBERS ONLY CAUSE V Transition: The Data Lifecycle | DHS S&T | 2142748 | March 28, 2018 | reports | This document will provide guidance for setting up the end-to-end process for situational awareness, from field reporting tools to dashboards and common operating pictures. The intended audience is an ArcGIS Online user with Administrator privileges for an organization, or other ArcGIS Online users, with the capability to create and publish feature layers and applications for use by their agency or company. The guidance in this document may be used for your own exercises or actual incidents, where useful data could be collected by eld personnel, and consumed by decision-makers |
| MEMBERS ONLY Central U.S. Earthquake Consortium (CUSEC) After-Action Review (AAR) for the 2011 National Level Exercise (NLE 11) | U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate | 1035995 | December 12, 2014 | reports | Documents the approach, tools, and methods used by the Central U.S. Earthquake Consortium (CUSEC) states to facilitate the establishment, testing, and deployment of a regional information sharing capability during National Level Exercise 11. |
| Change Management: Best Practices in Public Safety Data Sharing Projects | IJIS Institute | 1474646 | May 3, 2016 | publications | With the high rates of failure in IT projects that are evident today, it has become critically important to get a project started on the right path using those best practices learned from both successful and unsuccessful projects. |
| CHECKPOINT 16 After Action Report | National Information Sharing Consortium | 1121560 | July 14, 2016 | reports | After Action Report for the NISC's CHECKPOINT 16 Exercise that took place on May 11, 2016. |
| CHECKPOINT 16 After After Report | NISC | 1121560 | August 4, 2016 | reports | After after report for the May 11, 2016 CHECKPOINT 16 exercise to test and evaluate information sharing technologies and practices. |
| Critical Decision Criteria For Data Sharing | IJIS Institute | 1324201 | May 3, 2016 | publications | Interoperability is still most often thought of as pertaining to radio/voice systems, yet the U.S. (DHS) clearly sees them as joined, as evidenced in the SAFECOM Interoperability Continuum. |
| CUSEC's CAPSTONE-14 AAR-First Responder's Group | First Responders Group | 1797084 | February 10, 2015 | reports | Central U.S. Earthquake Consortium CAPSTONE exercise After Action Report - First Responder's Group |
| CUSEC's CAPSTONE-14 AAR-Witt Obriens | Witt Obrien's | 4057582 | February 10, 2015 | reports | Central United States Earthquake Consortium - CAPSTONE-14 After Action Report |
| Detecting and Monitoring Disease and Illness Outbreaks (Oct. 23, 2014) | First Responders Group | 0 | February 10, 2015 | Our exceptional lineup of guest presenters offer lessons learned, best practices, and resources on how to detect and monitor illness, disease, and syndrome trends and outbreaks. | |
| DHS Working Group Recommends Social Media Best Practices | First Responder Technologies (R-Tech) Bulletin | 844824 | February 10, 2015 | publications | Department of Homeland Security (DHS) First Responder Communities of Practice launched the Virtual Social Media Working Group (VSMWG), which is comprised of first responders and homeland security professionals from various disciplines, localities, sectors, and government agencies across the country. The VSMWG's mission is to provide recommendations to the emergency preparedness, response, and homeland security communities on the safe and sustainable use of social media technologies before, during, and after emergencies. |
| Draft Guidelines for Publishing & Sharing Information | DHS & CUSEC | 1475574 | March 6, 2015 | policy | Guidelines for publishing and sharing information for use in CUSEC's 2014 CAPSTONE-14 exercise, that provides context on configuring systems for operational use. |
| MEMBERS ONLY ExCon Login instructions | ISR | 870251 | October 25, 2017 | policy | Instructions on logging into the ExCon system for the CAUSE V experiment |
| Executive Order 13388 of October 25, 2005, Further Strengthening the Sharing of Terrorism Information to Protect Americans | The White House | 164826 | February 10, 2015 | policy | Directs federal agencies to prioritize the sharing of terrorism information and establishes an Information Sharing Council. |
| Executive Order 13587 of October 7, 2011, Structural Reforms to Improve the Security of Classified Networks and the Responsible Sharing and Safeguarding of Classified Information | The White House | 158742 | February 10, 2015 | policy | "Directs structural reforms to ensure responsible sharing and safeguarding of classified information on computer networks that shall be consistent with appropriate protections for privacy and civil liberties." |
| FEMA Continuity Assistance Tool 2009 | Federal Emergency Management Agency | 1649356 | February 10, 2015 | tools | "This Continuity Assistance Tool (CAT) provides guidance and assistance for States, Territories, Tribal, and Local Government Jurisdictions and Private Sector Organizations ... to identify continuity program strengths and areas for improvement." |
| First Responder Mobile Application Development | U.S. Department of Homeland Security | 818490 | February 10, 2015 | policy | The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) developed this brochure through its Office of Emergency Communications (OEC) and the Mobile Applications for Public Safety (MAPS) program. The MAPS program is a coordination platform for the lifecycle of public safety mobile applications. Working with industry, academia and government, the MAPS program seeks to enable and streamline the development, discovery and distribution of mobile applications for first responders. In addition, MAPS promotes security, functionality and performance requirements for mobile applications for first responders. |
| Governance Agreements in Public Safety Information Sharing Projects | IJIS Institute | 1181587 | May 3, 2016 | publications | Inter-agency Agreements are needed to document the ?rules of exchange and resource sharing,? as well as the conditions associated with the non-technical components of the Agreement. |
| Hurricane Sandy FEMA After-Action Report | Federal Emergency Management Agency | 1298614 | February 10, 2015 | reports | Reviews all aspects of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) preparations for, immediate response to, and initial recovery from, the October 2012 storm. The response and recovery from Hurricane Sandy provided a significant test of FEMA?s capabilities and those of its whole community partners. The final after action report identifies both strengths and areas for improvement and provides recommendations for future response and recovery efforts. |
| Interoperability Continuum Graphic | U.S. Department of Homeland Security | 1057193 | February 10, 2015 | tools | Graphic of the interoperability continuum, which is "a tool developed by emergency responders that identifies the five critical elements that must be addressed to achieve optimal interoperable conditions to respond to an event." |
| Interoperability Continuum: A Tool for Improving Emergency Response Communications and Interoperability | U.S. Department of Homeland Security | 1410895 | February 10, 2015 | tools | Brochure describing elements of the Interoperability Continuum, which is designed to assist emergency response agencies and policy makers to plan and implement interoperability solutions for data and voice communications. |
| MEMBERS ONLY LEGACY - Events & Missions GeoRSS Feed Widget | NISC | 5992622 | February 26, 2015 | NGB Joint Information Exchange Environment Compiled for ArcGIS Flex Viewer v. 2.x | |
| MEMBERS ONLY LEGACY - KPI Editor Widget | NISC | 104635 | February 26, 2015 | Compiled for ArcGIS Flex Viewer v. 2.x credits: this widget was built using ESRI InfoTemplate widget. | |
| Master Essential Elements of Information (EEI) List for the Commonwealth of Virginia | Commonwealth of Virginia | 67005 | February 10, 2015 | tools | Master essential elements of information (EEI) list for the Commonwealth of Virginia. Identifies over 200 essential elements of information, their attributes, and which State emergency support function the information supports. |
| Meet the Virtual Social Media Working Group Series - Bill Delaney and Melanie Manville | First Responders Group Bulletin | 535296 | February 10, 2015 | publications | Profile of Virtual Social Media Working Group (VSMWG) members Bill Delaney and Melanie Manville. Members of the VSMWG were selected based on their experience in leveraging social media technologies to pursue the missions of their agencies. Many VSMWG members have served as speakers, trainers, and subject matter experts at major homeland security-related workshops, roundtables, and conferences on the topic of social media. |
| Meet the Virtual Social Media Working Group Series: Alicia Johnson, Anne Schwartz, Stephanie Slater, and Christine Thompson | First Responders Group Bulletin | 1265014 | February 10, 2015 | publications | Profile of Virtual Social Media Working Group (VSMWG) members Alicia Johnson, Anne Schwartz, Stephanie Slater, and Christine Thompson. Members of the VSMWG were selected based on their experience in leveraging social media technologies to pursue the missions of their agencies. Many VSMWG members have served as speakers, trainers, and subject matter experts at major homeland security-related workshops, roundtables, and conferences on the topic of social media. |
| Meet the Virtual Social Media Working Group Series: Brianna Hertzler, Scott Reuter, and Pascal Schuback | First Responders Group Bulletin | 215293 | February 10, 2015 | publications | Profile of Virtual Social Media Working Group (VSMWG) members Brianna Hertzler, Scott Reuter, and Pascal Schuback. Members of the VSMWG were selected based on their experience in leveraging social media technologies to pursue the missions of their agencies. Many VSMWG members have served as speakers, trainers, and subject matter experts at major homeland security-related workshops, roundtables, and conferences on the topic of social media. |
| Meet the Virtual Social Media Working Group Series: Cheryl Bledsoe, Chief Boyd, Kris Eriksen, and Chief Werner | First Responders Group Bulletin | 652217 | February 10, 2015 | publications | Profile of Virtual Social Media Working Group (VSMWG) members Cheryl Bledsoe, Chief Boyd, Kris Eriksen, and Chief Werner. Members of the VSMWG were selected based on their experience in leveraging social media technologies to pursue the missions of their agencies. Many VSMWG members have served as speakers, trainers, and subject matter experts at major homeland security-related workshops, roundtables, and conferences on the topic of social media. |
| Meet the Virtual Social Media Working Group Series: Jim Garrow, Anthony Guglielmi, Greg Licamele and Edward Vassallo | First Responders Group Bulletin | 771783 | February 10, 2015 | publications | Profile of Virtual Social Media Working Group (VSMWG) members Jim Garrow, Anthony Guglielmi, Greg Licamele and Edward Vassallo. Members of the VSMWG were selected based on their experience in leveraging social media technologies to pursue the missions of their agencies. Many VSMWG members have served as speakers, trainers, and subject matter experts at major homeland security-related workshops, roundtables, and conferences on the topic of social media. |
| Meet the Virtual Social Media Working Group Series: Wendy Harman, Maggie Silver, and Jason Lindesmith | First Responders Group Bulletin | 722591 | February 10, 2015 | publications | Profile of Virtual Social Media Working Group (VSMWG) members Wendy Harman, Maggie Silver, and Jason Lindesmith. Members of the VSMWG were selected based on their experience in leveraging social media technologies to pursue the missions of their agencies. Many VSMWG members have served as speakers, trainers, and subject matter experts at major homeland security-related workshops, roundtables, and conferences on the topic of social media. |
| Mobile Apps for Public Safety | First Responders Group | 0 | February 10, 2015 | Tips for improving security, implementing policy, and designing apps. | |
| Mutual Aid Resource Planner Training Story Map | NISC | 15567 | June 22, 2017 | publications | Story Map showing how to use the various workflows within the Mutual Aid Resource Planner tool. (MARP) |
| Mutual Aid Resource Planner: User Guide for Creating, Editing, and Sharing Resource Plans | U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate | 4177375 | August 25, 2017 | policy | User guide for the Mutual Aid Resource Planner (MARP) tool. The MARP is intended to help a jurisdiction or region develop resource plans that align with national preparedness frameworks and, in the process, help capture the impact that resource partnerships have on capability-based planning. |
| Mutual Aid: Tools and Technologies to Discover, Acquire and Track Resources | First Responders Group | 0 | February 10, 2015 | Tools and Technologies to Discover, Acquire and Track Resources. | |
| National Incident Management System 2008 | U.S. Department of Homeland Security | 2832791 | February 10, 2015 | tools | "Nationwide template to enable Federal, State, tribal, and local governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector to work together to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of incidents, regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity." |
| National Infrastructure Protection Plan 2009 | U.S. Department of Homeland Security | 4550841 | February 10, 2015 | policy | National critical infrastructure and key resources (CIKR) protection policy. |
| National Preparedness Goal 2011 | U.S. Department of Homeland Security | 611784 | February 10, 2015 | policy | "Presidential Policy Directive 8: National Preparedness (PPD-8) describes the Nation?s approach to preparing for the threats and hazards that pose the greatest risk to the security of the United States." |
| National Preparedness Report 2013 | U.S. Department of Homeland Security | 2979777 | February 10, 2015 | reports | The second annual report on national preparedness required by PPD-8, the National Preparedness Goal. |
| National Strategy For Countering Biological Threats | The White House | 2043094 | February 10, 2015 | policy | Guides efforts to prevent biological attacks "by reducing the risk that misuse of the life sciences or derivative materials, techniques, or expertise will result in the use or intent to use biological agents to cause harm.... [The Strategy] also complements existing policies, plans, and preparations to advance our ability to respond to public health crises of natural, accidental, or deliberate origin." |
| National Strategy For Information Sharing 2007 | National Security Council | 403480 | February 10, 2015 | policy | "This Strategy provides the vision for how our Nation will best use and build upon the information sharing innovations which have emerged post-September 11 in order to develop a fully coordinated and integrated information sharing capability that supports our efforts to combat terrorism." |
| National Strategy for Information Sharing and Safeguarding (NSISS) December 2012 | The White House | 360828 | February 10, 2015 | policy | "The 2012 National Strategy for Information Sharing and Safeguarding provides guidance for effective development, integration, and implementation of policies, processes, standards, and technologies to promote secure and responsible information sharing." |
| New Jersey Transit Corporation's Hurricane Sandy After Action Report | New Jersey Transit Corporation | 1031357 | February 10, 2015 | reports | Documents the New Jersey Transit Corporation's preparation, response, and recovery operations for Hurricane Sandy, which made landfall on the New Jersey coast on October 29, 2012. |
| New Orleans Flood Resilience Experiment After Action Report | U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate First Responders Group | 1810878 | June 27, 2017 | reports | After action report for the January 23, 2017, New Orleans Flood Resilience Experiment sponsored by DHS S&T and done in coordination with the city of New Orleans Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness and Greater New Orleans. |
| NISC EEI Publication Guidance 1.0 | NISC | 1192760 | March 18, 2015 | policy | Publication guidance for emergency management officials describing how to publish essential elements of information (EEIs). Companion piece to EEI test drives available in NISC member portal. |
| Northeast Regional Information-Sharing Pilot After-Action Report | U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate | 329703 | February 10, 2015 | reports | Provides a detailed synopsis of the Northeast Regional Information-Sharing Pilot designed to improve situational awareness and coordination efforts needed for responding to everyday and large-scale incidents. |
| NYC Hurricane Sandy After Action Report and Recommendations to Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg | City of New York, New York | 2758605 | February 10, 2015 | reports | Provides a high-level summary of recommended improvements to New York City's operations before, during, and immediately following Hurricane Sandy. |
| Operational Guide for the Interoperability Continuum: Lessons Learned from RapidCom | U.S. Department of Homeland Security; SAFECOM | 2692988 | February 10, 2015 | reports | Report summarizes the key information collected throughout the RapidCom initiative and RapidCom Urban Area Summit held in October, 2004 in Washington, D.C., at which public safety practitioners shared best practices, lessons learned, and other experiences gained from planning and implementing communications interoperability solutions. |
| Overview Document: Incident Symbology - Phase 3 | NAPSG, Ardent | 1374072 | February 24, 2015 | tools | Lessons learned from 5+ years of efforts to standardize symbology, information on symbology requirements, and potential priority needs & gaps in NAPSG's symbology guideline. |
| Project Responder 3: Toward the First Responder of the Future | U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate | 2804961 | February 10, 2015 | reports | The third iteration of a series of studies that identifies gaps in current emergency response capabilities. Findings are based upon discussions with first responders from around the United States. |
| Public-Private Coordination in Emergency Response and Recovery | First Responders Group | 0 | February 10, 2015 | Presenters Jonathan Monken, Director, Illinois Emergency Management Agency James Williams, Manager, Emergency Preparedness and Response, Walgreens Edie Casella, Project Manager, Illinois Emergency Management Agency Brooke Brager, Senior Manager, Emergency Planning and Preparedness, Walmart Michael Marx, Manager, Crisis Management, Ameren | |
| Recovery Resource Guide for the Gulf Coast 2010 | RestoreTheGulf.gov | 1113384 | February 10, 2015 | tools | Descriptions of and contact details for government and other programs and sources that may assist communities affected by the Gulf Coast Oil Spill. |
| Report of the State's Attorney for the Judicial District of Danbury on the Shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary School and 36 Yogananda Street, Newtown, Connecticut on December 14, 2012 | Office of the State's Attorney Judicial District of Danbury, Connecticut | 622968 | February 10, 2015 | reports | Describes the investigation into the homicides of 27 people on December 14, 2012 at Sandy Hook Elementary School and at 36 Yogananda Street in Newtown, Connecticut. |
| Social Media and Disasters: Current Uses, Future Options, and Policy Considerations | Bruce Lindsay, Congressional Research Service | 243582 | February 10, 2015 | publications | Role of social media in disasters, future roles, and policy discussion. |
| Threat And Hazard Identification And Risk Assesment Guide 2013 | U.S. Department of Homeland Security | 1271442 | February 10, 2015 | policy | CPG 201: A guide to the Threat and Hazard Risk Identification Assessment. |
| User Manual Mutual Aid Support System (MASS) | U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate | 3322387 | February 10, 2015 | tools | User manual for the Mutual Aid Support System (MASS), or a "web-based platform designed to categorize and track organizations, people, and equipment and to aggregate the information into Mission Ready Packages (MRPs) to allow for efficient and effective management of critical resources during emergencies." |
| Using Social Media For Enhanced Situational Awareness and Decision Support | Virtual Social Media Working Group and DHS First Responders Group | 1083103 | February 10, 2015 | policy | This report discusses examples of how agencies currently leverage social media to enhance situational awareness and support operational decision-making, as well as challenges and potential applications. It also identifies critical areas requiring further consideration and research to address key technology, process, and policy gaps. |
| Virginia and Maryland Public Safety Agencies Share Best Practices in Social Media | First Responders Group Bulletin | 408654 | February 10, 2015 | publications | The use of social media in public safety has increased in popularity over the past year. As government agencies turn to social media, however, concerns regarding the safety and security of these new technologies remain. The need for guidance, policy development, and best practices is evident. |
| MEMBERS ONLY vUSA 3.1 | U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate; ESRI | 679805 | December 12, 2014 | A widget that enables access to the Virtual USA Program's "Virtual Library" through Flex 3.1 mapping viewers. | |
| MEMBERS ONLY vUSA 3.2 | U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate; ESRI | 680420 | February 10, 2015 | A widget that enables access to the Virtual USA Program's "Virtual Library" through Flex 3.2 mapping viewers. | |
| MEMBERS ONLY vUSA 3.3 | U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate; ESRI | 675853 | February 10, 2015 | A widget that enables access to the Virtual USA Program's "Virtual Library" through Flex 3.3 mapping viewers. | |
| MEMBERS ONLY vUSA 3.4 | U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate; ESRI | 680457 | February 10, 2015 | A widget that enables access to the Virtual USA Program's "Virtual Library" through Flex 3.4 mapping viewers. | |
| MEMBERS ONLY VUSA ArcGIS Online Flex Compiled | Esri, National Information Sharing Consortium | 239049 | December 12, 2014 | The Virtual USA (vUSA) ArcGIS Online web app for Flex enables users to access public data, data in the vUSA Common Library, and data shared within groups to which the user belongs. | |
| MEMBERS ONLY VUSA ArcGIS Online Flex Widget Source Code | ... | 240545 | December 12, 2014 | The Virtual USA (vUSA) ArcGIS Online web app for Flex enables users to access public data, data in the vUSA Common Library, and data shared within groups to which the user belongs. | |
| MEMBERS ONLY vUSA ArcGIS Online Web App-Javascript | Esri, National Information Sharing Consortium | 1249874 | December 15, 2014 | The Virtual USA (vUSA) ArcGIS Online web app for Javascript enables users to access public data, data in the vUSA Common Library, and data shared within groups to which the user belongs. | |
| MEMBERS ONLY vUSA Widget - Javascript Web AppBuilder | NISC | 208792 | February 4, 2016 | vUSA widget developed for Esri Web AppBuilder platform, in Javascript. Promotes and facilitates the Mission Partner Environment through the availability of multiple information channels, and the ability to log in with a named user account in ArcGIS Online. | |
| MEMBERS ONLY White House Memorandum of July 2, 2009, Strengthening Information Sharing and Access | The White House | 94894 | December 15, 2014 | tools | Establishes the position of a Senior Director for Information Sharing Policy in the Executive Office of the President. Integrates the Information Sharing Council (ISC) into the Information Sharing and Access Policy Interagency Policy Committee (IPC). |
| White House Memorandum of July 2, 2009, Strengthening Information Sharing and Access | The White House | 94894 | February 10, 2015 | policy | Establishes the position of a Senior Director for Information Sharing Policy in the Executive Office of the President. Integrates the Information Sharing Council (ISC) into the Information Sharing and Access Policy Interagency Policy Committee (IPC). |
| Yarnell Hill Fire Serious Accident Investigation Report | Serious Accident Investigation Team, Arizona State Forestry Division | 6586810 | February 10, 2015 | reports | Report by the Serious Accident Investigation Team (team) established by the Arizona State Forestry Division to investigate the deaths of 19 firefighters from the Granite Mountain Interagency Hotshot Crew who died in the Yarnell Hill Fire in central Arizona on June 30, 2013. Report includes a narrative of the events, analysis, conclusions, and recommendations from the team, as well as a section that discusses how the wildland fire community can improve at the individual, team, and organizational levels. |